![]() ![]() PCNL is suggested as the first-line treatment method for staghorn stones in patients with HK. The treatment of staghorn stones in HK should follow the same guiding principles as for staghorn stones in normal kidney stones. HK is often accompanied by ureteropelvic junction obstruction and abnormal orientation of the calyces, which prevent the passage of the stones. The abnormal position of the renal pelvis also increases the complexity of stone treatment. ![]() The management of staghorn stones in HK is challenging because of the variable vascular and anatomic abnormality. This may be due to stasis and infection caused by impaired drainage of the urinary tract, which results in stone formation. Kidney stone is the most common complication in HK, and the incidence of stone disease in HK is approximately 20%. Patients with HK are very susceptible to urinary tract infection, renal calculi, and obstruction. One-third of cases of HK are associated with ureteropelvic obstruction. Due to malrotation of the kidney, the ureter, which links with the renal pelvis, is forced superiorly and laterally. It was reported to have a prevalence of one in 400–800 in the normal population. It is thought to be induced by inadequate head displacement and poor renal rotation due to the clamping of the lower mesenteric artery under the isthmus in the early stages of pregnancy. HK, as the most common congenital malformation, is one of the renal fusion anomalies. In this article, we review the experience in handling staghorn stones under the above circumstances.ģ.1. The most appropriate treatment should be chosen according to the patient's specific conditions so that the patient can benefit the most. ![]() In current guidelines, there is no clear suggestion or preferred treatment modality regarding stone treatment in these situations.ĭue to the abnormal anatomy and the overburdened stone, these situations are even more of a challenge for urologists. Common special situations include horseshoe kidney, ectopic kidney (cross-fused ectopic kidney and pelvic ectopic kidney), paediatric kidney and solitary kidney. Surgical approaches for the management of staghorn stones in special situations are still confusing. Mini-PCNL is becoming a prevalent way to manage staghorn stones around the world, and it can reduce the complication rate by using a smaller tract. For its high rate of stone clearance and low incidence of complications, PCNL has been recommended as the most suitable operation method for staghorn stone by the American Urological Association (AUA) since 2005. Traditional treatment options for staghorn stones include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), laparoscopy and open surgery. Therefore, staghorn stones should be managed actively by surgical treatment. Conservative treatment of staghorn stones has a tight relationship with renal loss and urosepsis, with an approximate mortality rate of 30%, , ]. The ideal treatment for staghorn calculi involves removing the whole stone by operation, improving the metabolic abnormalities and dealing with anatomic variation. That is, staghorn stones occupy the renal pelvis as well as at least two calyces of the kidney. They can be partial or complete, depending on the level of occupation of the renal pelvis and renal calyces. In this review, we evaluates the previous studies and comments on the management of staghorn stones under special situations in the hope of guiding the optimal choice for urologists.Īccording to the definition in Campbell's urology and related literature, staghorn stones are defined as large and branched stones that occupy part or all of the collecting system. The decision should be made individually according to the circumstances of the patient. Whether the standard procedures for staghorn stones can also apply to these stones in special situations is still not agreed upon. Treatment methods for staghorn stones have developed rapidly, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and laparoscopy and open surgery. The gold-standard management for staghorn stones is surgical treatment with the aim of clearing the stones and preserving renal function. The treatment of these staghorn stones must be aggressive because they can lead to renal function loss and serious complications. Staghorn stones have always been a challenge for urologists, especially in some special situations, such as horseshoe kidney, ectopic kidney, paediatric kidney, and solitary kidney. ![]()
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![]() View the list of Black Butler character names as an info list or customize your view by switching to slideshow or blog mode. If you're looking for more minor Black Butler characters, then they should also be on this list, but if not feel free to add them below. You can click each image for a larger picture of the character, and in some cases you can click the character's name for a more detailed description. Shop for more Jewellery Beads available online at. He dresses in a dark suit and wears white gloves. This list answers the questions "what are the Black Butler characters called?" and "who are all the characters in Black Butler?" Buy Cell Phone Charm - Black Butler 2 - New Claude Round Anime Licensed ge17037 from Walmart Canada. Claude is a tall, bespectacled, and handsome man with short, black hair and golden eyes. The manga has been adapted into an animated television series (i.e. This list below has everything from Ciel Phantomhive to Sebastian Michaelis. Kuroshitsuji (, Black Butler) or Black Butler is a manga written and illustrated by Yana Toboso. The second season features two new main characters: Earl Alois Trancy and his butler Claude Faustus. Black Butler character roles from every season are included, along with the characters' gender, occupation and more. Kuroshitsuji II is the sequel to Kuroshitsuji. This Black Butler main character list includes pictures of Black Butler characters and features useful character information like the names of actors or actresses who play the characters. Believed to be Oklahomas last surviving segregation-era black theater, the Jewel has been. ![]() If you're looking for the most famous Black Butler characters then you're in the right place. Claude Butler outside the Jewel Theater on 4th Street this morning. All items are in excellent collectors condition unless specified in the condition notes or. But when you begin to dig deeper into the lore of the series, you take notice of the other supernatural creatures, Grim Reapers. Black Butler 2 Claude & Alois Anime Bath Towel GE-58548. ![]() Many of the main characters from the previous season return as well, including Ciel Phantomhive and Sebastian Michaelis. When you think about the anime and manga Black Butler, the first thing that pops into your mind is the charismatic demon butler, Sebastian Michaelis. List contains all Black Butler main character names and features lead Black Butler roles. Kuroshitsuji II is the sequel to Kuroshitsuji. ![]() Luminescence of irradiated black diamonds under vis. Who is the best Black Butler character? Full Black Butler characters list with photos and character bios when available. To obtain a Japanese translation of Gems & Gemology, contact GIA Japan at. ![]() ![]() ![]() And I love that they have updated it so I can format it to fit my wallpaper on my phone. Also I love the function of creating verse images. One reviewer said: Great Bible app! It has the ability to read the scriptures to you while you read along which I absolutely LOVE! It has the ability to highlight and compare verses to other translations to try and understand the scriptures more fully. Create shareable artwork from meaningful Bible verses. ![]() Watch the TV miniseries The Bible, as well as the movies JESUS film and The Lumo Project.Have Biblical conversations with your friends in the app.Subscribe to hundreds of Bible reading plans.Offering 2,027 versions of the Bible in 1,355 languages, it makes it incredibly easy to read and study God’s Word on your smartphone or tablet. The Bible App by Life.Church is one of the most popular Bible apps in the world, installed on over 400 million devices. You can download the app from your favorite app store by clicking one of these buttons or by searching for "Love Worth Finding" in the app store on your mobile device, tablet, or TV. If you’re looking for a simple way to meditate on the profound truths of the Bible, the Love Worth Finding Bible study app is a must-have. I always seem to miss the radio broadcasts when they are being aired but this way, I can still hear him while I’m on the go. One reviewer had this to say about the app: This makes it so much easier for me to listen to (Pastor) Rogers at any time of the day. Messages can easily be downloaded so that you can listen to them offline, and you can also share your favorite content via Facebook, Twitter, or email. Special Content Only Available on the App.Exclusive Content such as Out of the Vault and Classic Worship.Access to Daily Devotionals 365 days a year.It gives you free, unlimited access to more than 30 years of Pastor Adrian Rogers' practical and biblical teaching. The Love Worth Finding app is a rich resource for Bible study. ![]() ![]() ![]() Over the years, insiders have come to believe that much of the uncredited material was created by Charlie Miller. Other names listed in the contents are Dai Vernon, Cliff Green, Jack McMillen, Paul Rosini, Bert Allerton, Gerald Kaufman, and comedian-movie star Harold Lloyd. Seven are attributed to Charlie's good friend Louis Zingone, and eleven to Charlie himself, making him the major acknowledged contributor to the book. For example, Hugard is credited with six items, Braue with four. ![]() In the table of contents of Expert Card Technique, some effects and sleights are credited to various magicians, but the majority remain without attribution. I was stunned, because it was so natural-as was everything he did. I remember the first time I saw Charlie use this in an effect. Those who knew Charlie well are aware that, although the material in Chapter 1 was not attributed to him, it was, nevertheless, his method for the double lift. "Charlie Miller's name is linked more often to material in Expert Card Technique than any other. Here's what Harry Riser wrote in Secrets of an Escamoteur about Expert Card Technique (page 21): Vernon was apparently not happy about this, however he did eventually contribute material to the third edition it which he was also given a special credit. He also divulged some Dai Vernon material to Fred Braue that was not supposed to be published, but which Braue put into the book anyway. Miller gave many of his favorite methods for the book. Many of the items in the book which are not specifically credited have been suspected to that of Dai Vernon and Charlie Miller.Ĭharlie Miller was said to be responsible for contributing many of the original material and for ghosting almost half of the book. The book, illustrated by Donna Allen, is broken down into six parts: (1) Sleights, (2) Flourishes, (3) Technique, (4) Tricks, (5) Miscellaneous, and (6) Misdirection and Presentation. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Most of these features are not entirely revealed and are only seen in special events.Ĭircus Baby is a tragic, sophisticated yet sinister animatronic. Rather than Circus Baby's jester shoes, Scrap Baby has mechanical roller skates. Her arms and legs aren't completely a white color, rather than mixtures of red and orange, as if it was clothing. Her chest has two dead lights that are similar to the lights from the Circus Control room from the previous game, one overlapping while the other hiding behind. The rest of her deteriorating body reveals a unique endoskeleton. ![]() It is linked from several wires and has two "rows" of teeth. Her most distinctive feature is a giant claw that replaces her right hand, which came from her stomach and was used to kill children. The bottom part of her mouth is split to form a jaw, which doesn't seem to move in-game. Parts of her face and lips are losing their color, turning into a light blue. ![]() On top of her head is a strange, metallic object similar to a bow, possibly as a reference to her human life as Elizabeth. She retains her hair and curvy pigtails, but they consist of realistic, multi-colored strands of wires that look like hair. The Freddy Files: Updated Edition, page 157Īs Scrap Baby, she bears an entirely new design as the result of haphazardly reassembling herself after events that occurred between games. Scrap Baby's face and chest expose her wiring and her right hand has been replaced with a claw that was once inside her stomach. “ Compared to the Circus Baby of Sister Location, Scrap Baby has orange, silver, and red pigtails with more realistic strands of hair, along with a new outfit that includes coiled sleeves on her arms. The only known plates that can move are her face and left arm. Like all the animatronics in game, her body is made of segmented plates, which can move freely or in unison, with a few exceptions some plates are static and "float". She holds an orange microphone with red accents in her left hand. Under her skirt, she wears red and orange striped panties this can only be seen through the error of one of her images in the game file. The toes of her matching red shoes are pointed and curled, white on the bottom, and topped off with shiny, gold orbs (possibly bells) these are the shoes worn by a jester. She wears a red crop top with frills on the shoulders, and a matching, frilly, red skirt (which was changed in design for Special Delivery). Her knees have round, shiny, silver caps, and parts of her limbs have what appear to be blue pins sticking out of them. The tips of her fingers, which appear to be ball-jointed, are not sealed, revealing shiny silver underneath, similar to the springlock suits. Her limbs have silver segments in rectangular shapes, and her hands have red palms. Her midsection is exposed, revealing a metal fan surrounded by an orange triangle with rounded points. Her cheeks are large, round, and red, and her squarish nose is red and slightly upturned and pointed. Her mouth is opened in a wide smile, revealing small, flat endoskeleton teeth, framed by thin, red lips. The sides of her eyes are also covered in blue. She has bright green eyes, long, blue eyelashes, and short, blue eyebrows. She has auburn hair in high pigtails on either side of her head, held in place by blue hair elastics. ”īaby is a female animatronic with an overall appearance reminiscent of a clown. “ Similar to a circus clown with red hair in ponytails, rosy cheeks, and bright green eyes wears a red skirt and cropped top with frills on the shoulders. ![]() |
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